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Social Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE)

Like other evaluation processes, multi-criteria assessment (MCA) needs to deal with different value systems when facing a real problem of social choice. One possible way of dealing with the subjectivity …

Precautionary principle

Human life is full of risks which we have to deal with. Science and technology can help in diminishing some risks of nature, as it is the case, for example, …

Payment for Environmental / Ecosystem Services (PES schemes)

In the past decade, payments for ecosystem service (PES) schemes have represented a growing trend in conservation policy, developing rapidly in both developed and developing countries around the world (Wunder …

Metabolism of trade

Mainstream economic science traditionally measures trade flows in terms of money, i.e. exchange values on the market. To overcome the limits of this concept several approaches within ecological economics have …

Multi-criteria assessment (MCA)

Multi-criteria assessment (MCA) is a decision-making tool used to evaluate problems when one is faced with a number of different alternatives and expectations and wants to find the best solutions …

Landscape value

Landscape value corresponds to an attachment or emotional bond that people develop with places. There are strong cultural ties to landscapes and feelings for the visual beauty of mountains, lakes, …

Krutilla’s Rule

Krutilla’s Rule provides an argument in traditional cost-benefit analysis (CBA). When the conservation of amenities of the natural environment is at stake, some economists argue for very low or zero discount …

Geoengineering or Climate Engineering

Geoengineering is the intentional, large-scale technological manipulation of the Earth’s systems. It is also known as Climate Engineering because it is often discussed as a technological solution for combating climate …

Ecologically unequal exchange

The concept of ecologically unequal exchange (or trade) builds on the notion of ‘unequal exchange’ developed by scholars such as Arghiri Emmanuel (1972) and Samir Amin (1976) in the 1960s …

Conservation easement

Conservation Easement is when ownership rights to land are transferred to a private charitable conservation organization or government agency without transferring ownership of the land. The organization or agency then …