Resources
Ecological rucksacks (hidden flows)
An ecological rucksack is defined as the total quantity (in kg) of materials removed from nature to create a product or service, minus the actual weight of the product. It …
Access and use rights
Among the institutional arrangements regulating human–nature relationships, rights and obligations to natural resources, and access and use rights play a crucial role (Bromley, 1991; Ostrom and Schlager, 1996; Van Griethuysen, …
Common-pool resources
According to Ostrom (2008), scholars are still in the process of developing a shared language for the broad set of things called ‘the commons’. There is frequently confusion about similarities …
Ecological Economics
Broad definition Ecological economics has been compared to human ecology (Martinez-Alier, 1998), which instead of resorting to a single unit of account – money – includes the biophysical aspects of economic …
Political Ecology
Description of the field Political ecology analyses social forms and human organisation that interact with the environment. This burgeoning field has attracted scholars from the fields of anthropology, forestry, development studies, …
Environmental (in)justice
Background and definitions The concept of environmental injustice arose from the fact that some communities or human groups are disproportionately subjected to higher levels of environmental risk than other segments of …
Discounting the future
For the purposes of investors, interest rates, impatience and risk necessitate that future costs and benefits are converted into present value in order to make them comparable with each other. …
Net Present Value (NPV)
The idea behind the net present value (NPV) is that EUR 1 today is worth more than EUR 1 in the future, because money available today can be invested and …
HANPP
Humans depend on land and the resources it provides for their subsistence. Plant biomass is one of the most important of these resources. Humans depend on it for: food directly …
Forest economics
This branch of applied economics is mainly focused on sustainable yield timber management, resource extraction and commodity production, excluding a wide range of forest values (local livelihood, ecological, aesthetic and …
Flickr
See the EJOLT flickr account:
www.flickr.com/ejolt
